1ST World war(1914-1918) : After 1st world war Woodrowilson started an International Organization that is League of Nations (LNO) on the aim of preventing wars and maintaining Peace in all the Countries. But it is Failed because of 2nd World war.
2nd World War(1939-1945) : During the 2nd world war American President Franklin. D. Rousevelt and UK PM Winston Churchel signed on Atlantic charter on 14th aug 1941,proposed to set up an International Organization. Franklin D. Rousevelt proposed to UNO name to International Organization effected from 1st jan 1942. They conducted a meeting on 26th june 1945 and 50 countries signed. On 15th oct 1945 Poland Joined as 51st country in UNO.
UNO Estd : 24 th oct 1945 Head Querters: Manhatten (Newy ork)
Initial member countries : 51 Present member countries: 193 193rd Country in UNO is South Sudan Joined on 14th july 2011.It is separated from Sudan.
Present Secretary General(9th): Antonio Guttris(Portugal)
➜ Secretary General tenure : 5 years
➜ 1st Indian : Participated for UNO Secretary General is Sashi Tharoor in 2007.
➜ 1st Women Participated for UNO Secretary General is Wiki freeburg(Latvia). Deputy Secretary general of UNO introduced in 1997.
➜ 1st Deputy Secretary general: Luios Prechetti(Canada).
➜ Present Deputy Secretary general: Amina Mohammod(Nigeria)
UNO has 6 wings:
➜ 1. UN General Assambly(UNGA)
➜ 2.UN Security Council(UNSC)
➜ 3.UN Economic and Social Council (UNEoSoC)
➜ 4.UN Trusteeship Council
➜ 5.International Court of Justice (ICJ)
➜ 6.UN Secretrait
1. UN General Assambly (UNGA): It is for conducting meetings and take decisions among the member countries.This is also called World Parliament ,conducted September in every year.Every country has vote,send max 5 members to UNGA.
Member Countries : 193
➜ UNGA Present tenure: 1 year
➜ Present UNGA President (71st) : Peter Thomson(Fiji)
➜ 1st Indian UNGA President: Vijaya Laxmi Pandit.
➜ Atal Bihari Vajpayee was the 1st person from India give his speech in UNGA in 1977. In this time he worked as External Affairs Minister.
➜ Narendra Modi was the 1st person from India give his speech in Hindi(2014),and 2nd person from India.
➜ M.S.Subbalaxmi was the 1st Indian sung a song in UNGA in 1966.
➜ A.R. Rehaman was the 2nd Indian sung a song in UNGA in 2015.
2.UN Security Council (UNSC) : This is also called Watch Dog of the World.It provides security to all member countries.
➜ Member countries: 15. In this 5 permanent, 10 temporary countries.
➜ 5 permanent are(America , Britan , France, Russia, China). These are called VETO(Refuse) power countries.
➜ Russia used VETO power maximum.
➜ China used VETO power minimum.
➜ UNSC President tenure: 1 month. Every month changed in Alphabetical order. India 2 times appointed to UNSC President.
Permanent Countries:
➜ Initially 6 countries. In 1960 raised to 10 countries. Present 10 temporary members.
➜ Permanent countries tenure: 2 years.Every year 5 countries elected, 5 countries dropped.
➜ India elected 7 times as temporary member.1st in 1951, 7th time in 2011.
➜ Ananda panyaraja commission (thailand) proposed to raise member countries from 15 to 24.
➜ Medallian Alfrad (America) committee in 2015 to raise UNSC member countries. Shyam Charan from India member in this commitee
➜ G4 countries(Brazil, India, Germany, Japan) to seek for Permanent status.
3. UN Economic and Social Council (UNEOSOC) :
➜ Member countries : 54 these are selected 2/3 of majority in UNGA.
➜ Present tenure : 3 years. Present President Martin Sedjik(Austria)
➜ India elected 2nd consecutive time in 2014.
5. International Court of Justice (ICJ)
➜ Head quarters : The Hague (Netherlands)
➜ Number of Judges : 15 .Tenure 9 years.
➜ If any decision taken 9 judges will agree.
➜ 1st women chief Justice : Rojalin Higgins(Britan)
➜ Present Chief Justice of ICJ : Rony Abhraham(France)
➜ Nagendar singh worked as Chief Justice of ICJ (1973-1988). He was the 1st person from India appointed 2 times. B.N. Rao, R.S. Patak.also worked as judges in ICJ. Present Judge in ICJ from India Dalbeer Bhandari.
6. UN Secretrait :
1st Secretary general----Trigve lee (Norway) 1946-53 .He is 1st European
2nd Secretary general---Dag Hammerskold (1953-61) from Sweedan. He died in plane accident.
3rd Secretary general----Yuthant (Myanmar) 1961-71.He is 1st Asian.
4th Secretary general----Kurt Valdhim (Austria) 1972-82.He is World University founder.
5th Secretary general ----Jevior Ferez Decular(Peru) 1982-92.He is 1st south America Person.
6th Secretary general-- Boutrous Boutros ghali 1992-97.From Egypt.1st African.He was the only Person worked one time.
7th Secretary general----Khoffi Annan (Ghana) 1997-2007.he won Noble Peace prize in 2001.
8th Secretary general---Banki Moon (South Korea) from 2007- 2016.
9th Secretary general---Antonio Guttrus(Portugal) From 2017-
UNO has 6 Official Languages : English, S p a n i s h , French, Chinese, Russin, Arabic.It is joined in 1973.
Symbol of UNO : In this two Olive Branches Indicates Peace. 5 circles Indicates 5 Permanent Countries. There are total 28 leaves.Each Branch has 14 Leaves.
➜ UNO declared 2016 as International Year of Pulses
➜ UNO declared 2017 as International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development International Organizations Headquarters
1. UNO (United Nations Org) NewYork
2. UNICEF New York
3. UNCTAD (United Nations Co nference on Trade & Development) Geneva
4.WHO (World HealthOrg) Geneva
5. ILO (International Labour Org) Geneva
6. WMO (World Meteorological Org) Geneva
7. World Intellectual Property Org Geneva
8. International Standards Org. Geneva
9. IMF (International
10. Monetary Fund) Washington DC
11. World Bank Washington DC
12. UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific & Cultural Org) Paris
13.OECD (Org. for Economic Cooperation & Dev.) Paris
14. UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Dev. Org) Vienna
15. IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) Vienna
16. OPEC(Organization of Petroleum ExportingCountries) Vienna
17. Amnesty International London
18. IMO(International Maritime Organization) London
19. ICJ (International Court of Justice) The Hague
20. FAO(Food & Agricultural Organization) Rome
21. NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Brussels Transparency International Berlin
22. SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Coop) Kathmandu
23. ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) Jakarta
24. APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Forum) Singapore Organization of Islamic Cooperation Jeddah
