ANDHRA PRADESH
RECRUITMENT OF ASSISTANT PROFESSORS IN THE UNIVERSITY
SYLLABUS FOR THE SCREENING TEST
Paper – II
Paper II will cover 180 Objective Type Questions (Multiple Choice, Matching type, True/False, Assertion – Reasoning type) carrying 180 marks of 3 hours duration. Each question carries 1 mark. There will be negative marks for wrong answers. Each wrong answer will be penalized @ 1/3rd of the marks prescribed for the question.
Anthropology
1. Introduction : Aim, Scope, Historical Development, Relationship with other sciences, Different branches of anthropology and their inter relatedness. Recent and Emerging trends and major developments in all branches of Anthropology ( Physical, Archaeological and Social – Cultural ). Fieldwork, Ethnography, Comparative method, Observation, Interview, Case study, Genealogical method, Schedules and questionnaires, Statistical tools of Archaeological sites and Data collection.
2. Evolution :
Theories of Evolution : Lamarckism, Neo-Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism, Synthetic theory, Primates and Fossils : Fossil records, Earliest Primates (Aegyptopithecus, Propliopithecus, Dryopithecus, Proconsul), and living primates ( Distribution, Classification, Characteristics, Phylogeny and Taxonomy ). Comparison of morphological and anatomical features of Man and Ape Erect Posture and Bipedalism.
3. Fossils :
Characteristics and phyiogenetic position of early Hominoids Ramapithecus; Australopithecus Africanus; Australopithecus boisei (zinjanthropus); Australopithecus robustus; Meganthropus; Homo habilis; Characteristics and phyiogenetic position of Homo erectus; Homo erectus javanensis; Homo erectus pekinensis; Homo sapiens neanderthalenis Phyiogenetic position, salient features and distribution.
➣ La Chapelle auxsaints; Rhodesian Man Classic / Conservative.
➣ Progressive-Steinheim; Ehringsdorf; Mount Carmel Evidence, distribution and characteristics of Homo sapiens.
➣ Cro-Magnon; Grimaldi; Predmost; Combe cappelle; Brunn; Chancelade; Offnet.
4. Human Genetics :
History and Development; Scope and Branches; Call structure and Division; Mendel’s Laws; Patterns of InheritanceAutosomal Dominant; Autosomal Recessive; Codominance; Sex linked; sex limited and sex controlled; Multiple alleles.
➠ Linkage and Crossing-over
➠ Lethal genes.
➠ Methods of Studying Inheritance-Twins; Sib-pair; Pedigree.
➠ Role of Heredity and Environment-Stature; Skin Colour; Intelligence.
➠ Genetics of Blood Groups.
➠ ABO System-Two-factor Hypothesis; Multiple Alleles; Rh System
➠ Living Human Populations and Human Diversity
➠ Concept of Race.
➠ Criteria for Racial Classifications : Skin, Hair and Eye colour; Stature; Eyes, Lips and Ears;
Face and Lower Jaw; Blood Groups; Dermatoglyphics.
➠ Distribution and Characteristics – Caucasoid; Negroid; Mongoloid.
➠ Racial Classifications – Deniker’s; Hooton’s; Coon, Garn and BirdselTs.
➠ Racial Classification of Indian Populations – Risley’s; Guha’s; Sarkar’s.
5. Chronology :
➸ Relative, Absolute and Cultural Geological framework.
➸ Tertiary, Quaternary-Pleistocene, Holocene.
➸ Major Climatic changes during pleistocene.
➸ Glacial and Interglacial periods.
➸ Causes of Ice Ages.
➸ Pluvial and Interpluvial Periods.
➸ Moraines, River Terraces, Loess, Sea-level Changes-Caves, Marine teasaces, Beach, ridges.
➸ Relative dating : Terrace, Stratigraphy, Palaenology, Palaecutology.
➸ Absolute dating : Radio-carbon, Potassium-argon, Thermoluminescence, Dendrochronology.
➸ Cultural Chronology-Three-age system : Stone Age, Copper / Bronze Age, Iron Age.
➸ Palaeolithic Period : Lower palaeolithic, Middle palaeolithic, Upper palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithie-Emergence of Metal Technology, Urban revolution
6. Typo – Technology and Palaeolithic Cultural Features :
Percussion technique : Primary and Secondary making
Block – on-block / anvil technique; Stone hammer technique; Cylinder hammer technique; Clactonian technique; Levallois technique; Pressure technique; Retouch; Blade and Burin technique; Flake technique; Pecking; Grinding and Polishing; Splinter and groove techniques.
Artefact Typology : Simple flake; Side flake; End flake; Levallois flake; Clactonian flake; Blade; Microlithic blade; Tortoise core / Levalloisiam; Discoid core; Mousterian flake; Prismatic core.
Tool Typology -
⇒ Pebble tools; Chopper; Chopping tool
⇒ Bifaces-Handaxe; Cleaver
⇒ Scrapers-side, end, round, concave, convex
⇒ Blade knife; Blunted back blade; Borer / Awl; Burin
⇒ Points leaf shape-Laurel Leaf; Willow Leaf
⇒ Points-Shouldered Points-Denticulate; Notch
⇒ Microliths -
⇒ Geometric Types
⇒ Non-Geometric Types
⇒ Celt-Axe; Adze
⇒ Shouldered Celt.
⇒ Shoe-last Celt
⇒ Grinding Stone
⇒ Ringstone.
Lower Palaeolithic Cultures-Type-technology, Habitat, Environment Economy, People and Distribution.
↣ Lower Palaeolithic Cultures
↣ Pebble Tool Culture
↣ Oldowan; Sohan; Choukoutien
↣ Acheulian Cultures
↣ Acheulian Cultures of Africa; Acheulian Cultures of Europe;
↣ Acheulian Cultures of India.
↣ Middle Palaeolithic Cultures
↣ Mousterian Culture / Middle Palaeolithic Europe-Habitat, Environment Economy, Social Organisation, Religion, Typo-technology.
↣ Middle Stone Age in Africa
↣ Middle Palaeolithic in India.
↣ Upper Palaeolithic Culture-Habitat, Environment Economy, Typo-technology, Social Institution, religion Europe-Perigordian Culture.
↣ Chattelperronean; Gravettian; Aurignacian Culture; Solutrean.
↣ Culture; Magdalenian Culture.
↣ Upper Palaeolithic in India Upper Palaeolithic Art.
7. Holocene Culture :
⇉ Mesolithic Cultures
⇉ Climate changes, Typo technology, Habitat, Economic activity, Socio – religious features.
⇉ Europe-Azilian Culture; Tardenoisian Culture; Maglemosian Culture; Kitchen Midden Culture;
Natufian Culture.
⇉ Indian Mesolithic
⇉ Langhnaj; Teri Sites; Birbhanpur; Bagor; Bhimbetka
⇉ Adamgarh, Sarainahar Rai, Lekhahlia, Mahadeva.
⇉ Mesolithic Art in India
⇉ Neolithic ( Early Farming Cultures )
⇉ Neolithic of the Near-east
⇉ Jericho; Jarmo; Catal Huyuk
⇉ Neolithic Cultures of Indian Subcontinent :
⇉ Northern Neolithic : Burzahom
⇉ Southern Neolithic : Brahmagiri; Sangankallu; Utnur; Telkalakota; Nagarjun Konda.
⇉ Eastern Neolithic : Daojali Hading; Sarutaru.
⇉ Central Zone (Neo-Chalcolithic) : Navdatoli; Nevasa; Inamgaon.
⇉ Indus Civilization : Extant; Characteristics; Chronology; Origin and decline, Continuity with
post-Harappan, Indus people and society.
⇉ Iron Age :
⇉ Megalithic Types : Menhir; Dolmeh / Topikal; Cist; Cairn Circle; Carcophagi
8. Evolution, Social Structure and Organisation :
Evolution : Unilinear, Universal, Multilinear
Diffusion : Neo-evolution; Innovation; Acculturation; Transculturation
Culture : Definitions and Attributes
Functionalism : Malinowski, Radcliffe-Brown
Structuralism : Levi-Strauss, Leach.
Indian Contribution-Theory and Concepts : G. S. Ghurye; N. K. Bose; D. N. Majumdar; M. N. Srinivas; S. C. Dube L. P. Vidyarthi
Aspects of Culture, Organisation of Culture, Institutions
Social Organisation.
Family :
⇒ Family of Orientation and Procreation
⇒ Structure : Nuclear, Extended, Joint.
⇒ Residence : Patrilocal, Matrilocal, Neolocal, Virilocal, Uxorilocal
Marriage
⇒ Rules : Endogamy, Exogamy,
⇒ Monogamy, Polygamy : Polygyny, Polyandry.
⇒ Mate selection : Cross-cousin marriage, Levirate, Sororate, Sororal
⇒ Dowry, Bride price / Bride wealth
Kinship :
⇒ Kinship Terms : Classificatory and Descriptive systems
Consanguineal and Affinal
⇒ Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
⇒ Terms of Reference and Address
⇒ Descent, Inheritance and Succession :
⇒ Patriarchal and matriarchal
⇒ Unilineal : Patrilineal, Double
⇒ Groups : Tribe, Clan, Phratry, Lineage
⇒ Kinship behaviour and relationship; Avoidance and Joking relationship, Incest.
9. Economic and Political Organisation : Religion and Magic
Economic Organisation :
↣ Concept of Property
↣ Primitive Communism.
↣ States of Economy : Collection, Hunting, Fishing, Pastoralism, Cultivation, Shifting and
Settled.
↣ Subsistence Economy and Market Economy.
↣ Barter
↣ Means of Production
↣ Division of Labour
Political Organisation :
↣ Panchayat – traditional and statutory.
↣ Leadership-clan and tribe.
↣ Kingship and Chiefdom in tribal communities.
↣ Customary Law
↣ Judicial System
↣ Crime and Punishment in Primitive Society.
Religion and Magic :
↣ Primitive Religion : Animism, Totemism, Ancestor Propitiation, Shaman, Priest, Medicine
Man.
↣ Tribal Mythology : Origin of universe, Tribe and Clan, Tribal deities.
↣ Magic : Black, White, Preventive, Defensive, Destructive, Imitative, Sympathetic, Witchcraft,
Sorcery.
↣ Symbolism and Rituals.
↣ Supernatural powers-Mana, Taboo.
10. Indian Anthropology : Basic Concepts and Issues
Basic Concepts :
➠ Indian Village as part society, as an isolate.
➠ Caste as a group and system.
➠ Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe.
➠ Tribe, Caste, Varna and Caste / Jati.
➠ Notified and Denotified Groups.
➠ Other Backward classes and castes
Sanskritisation, Westernisation, Modernisation
Sacred complex in India
Regionalism and Ethnicity.
Basic Issues :
➠ New Panchayati Raj
➠ Gram Sabha
➠ Women in new Panchayats.
➠ Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Casts Major tribal groups
Tribal states in India.
Tribal Movements for Autonomy, Development Schemes
Tribal Rehabilitation; Democracy and Caste Bonded Labour and Child Labour; Ashram Schools; Mandal Commission; Dhebar Commission; Emerging Spiritual Leaders (Gurus) in India; Caste among non-Hindus.
